Showing posts with label Spanish-American War. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Spanish-American War. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 10, 2010

Frederick H. White Writes Robert H. Boehme, 1900

Few documentary artifacts remain relating to Middleborough and Lakeville's Spanish-American War experience. Though Frederick H. White of Middleborough is known to have written a number of letters relating to his military experience in the Philippines to friends and relatives at Middleborough, none are known to exist. Excerpts from and summaries of at least two of White's letters, however, survive and indicate that while White was patriotic in the performance of his duty, he found the experience to be one fraught with hardship. Both letters speak to the high toll the Philippine American War and the conditions in the Pacific took on the American soldiers, though White was fortunate enough to escape them.

Robert H. Boehme of Rice street has received a letter from Frederick H. White, formerly a member of Company D of the 5th regiment, and now in Company A, 26th infantry, which is in service in the Philippines. He says that July 1, 1901, will be a happy day for him, for he if he is not killed meanwhile or discharged for disability he will be released from the service, and he will return to the old town of Middleboro, satisfied that while there are more progressive communities, there is no place like it for the writer. White hopes that the Middleboro boys will take a fool's advice, as he puts it, and stay away from the Philippines, for, although he has had a good time, there is nothing to it in the end. Of the 106 able bodied Americans who left New York city with him only 39 are able to do duty.

Source:
Brockton Times, August 29, 1900.

Friday, February 5, 2010

Spanish-American War Honor Roll


Spanish-American War Era Honor Roll


Robert Henry Boehme
Reverend Frederic C. Brown
Frederick C. Chandler
Frank H. Chapman
Frank M. Clynes
Michael J. Cronan
Alton B. Durant
Joseph Henry Edwards
Nelson George Foisie
Nelson T. Frank
Ernest C. Hannon
Justin Winfield Hayward
George H. Holmes
Chester Arthur Hopkins
George E. Humphrey
James D. Maxim
Sampson McFarlin
George T. Moffett
James E. Murphy
Christopher D. Reed
James H. Richards
Eben H. Shaw
Harry J. Shores
Robert M. Shores
John F. Smith
Clifford Taylor
Fred A. Thomas
Horace Tinkham
Frederick H. White


The foregoing list is an unofficial honor roll for Middleborough and Lakeville’s Spanish-American War era soldiers and sailors. In the absence of an official honor roll, it is hoped that this list will mark a step towards formally recognizing their contributions and sacrifice. Every effort has been made to ensure the correctness of this list. Pension and other military records, census schedules, newspaper items, published military histories and on-line resources have been scoured for details about the lives, military service and contributions of these men. The men listed were either natives of Middleborough or Lakeville, or residents of one of the two towns at the time of their enlistment. Both Justin W. Hayward and Christopher D. Reed have been included on the basis of contemporary newspaper accounts from the period which describe them each as "of North Middleborough", though they may have in fact been Bridgewater residents. At present, there may be a number of men not included as their service or connection to either Middleborough or Lakeville has yet to be verified. Additionally, veterans who located to Middleborough or Lakeville following the war including Victor Gabrey, former Town Manager Harry J. Goodale, William A. Maltais and Robert Ward are not included here.

Spanish-American War era veterans are those considered to have served in the Spanish-American War (1898), the subsequent Philippine American War (1899-1902), and the China Relief Expedition.

Middleborough and Lakeville's Spanish-American War Soldiers & Sailors


The largest number of local men served during the Spanish-American War in Company D, Fifth Regiment, U. S. V.
Front row: James H. Richards and Nelson G. Foisie. Second row: James D. Maxim, Fred A. Thomas, James E. Murphy, Sampson McFarlin and Michael J. Cronan. Back row: Frank H. Chapman, Fred H. White, Robert (Henry) Boehme, Fred C. Chandler and Ernest C. Hannon.

Their stories are below.



Robert Henry Boehme

December, 1876, NJ – June, 1916, Fayette, MO
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Boehme who was known by his middle name of Henry was engaged as an edge setter in the local shoe industry. In 1897, he was employed by Leonard & Barrows and was residing on East Main Street with his family. He was in the second group of four Middleborough men that joined Company D following the recruitment rally in mid-summer 1898. Following his service, he returned to work at Leonard & Barrows and boarded close to work on Rice Street. He eventually relocated to St. Louis, where he continued to work in the shoe industry for a time.

The death of Henry Boehme in Fayette, Mo., about a month ago, while known to intimate relatives, was not generally known among his former friends. Mr. Boehme was a native of Middleboro and passed his early days here. In the Spanish war he enlisted with Co. D, 5th Regiment of Plymouth and went into camp with them in Georgia. He was later employed as a shoemaker in St. Louis but his health failed him and for a few years he has been employed at Central College, Fayette, Mo. He leaves a wife and daughter.


Reverend Frederic C. Brown

April, 1875, NY – February 20, 1912, NY
Chaplain, U. S. Navy

Brown had been serving as the pastor of the First Unitarian Church of Middleborough when he enlisted for service as a chaplain in the navy, resigning his pastorate in May, 1898.

Rev. F. C. Brown, pastor of Unity church, received notice Thursday from the naval department at Washington that he had been appointed as chaplain in the United States Navy. The appointment is for five years and in the event of the threatened strife with Spain materializing Mr. Brown may have an opportunity at the outset of entering the service on a war footing. Mr. Brown has been pastor of Unity church since November, 1896.

He remained in naval service as a chaplain through about 1902. He was the son-in-law of educator and Town Clerk Amos H. Eaton of Middleborough.

Rev. Frederic C. Brown, minister of the First Unitarian society from October, 1896, to May, 1898, died in New York, Tuesday night. No particulars have been received. Mr. Brown married Emily, daughter of the late Amos H. Eaton, who survives him with two children. Since leaving Middleboro Mr. Brown has preached in Summit, N. J., and afterwards left the ministry.


Frederick C. Chandler

c. 1878, MA -
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Little is known of Chandler who is listed among the soldiers of the first Middleborough contingent and whose pension application is on file. He is likely the same Frederick C. Chandler who was a shoe worker residing at New Bedford in 1920. He was listed along with George H. Holmes as being in divisional hospital in March, 1899, at which time it was announced that he would return home to Massachusetts in “the special hospital car.”


Frank H. Chapman

Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Even less is known of Chapman. He is listed among the original ten mustered into Company D from Middleborough. On his return from service, he was employed as a shoe worker with Leonard & Barrows at Middleborough, and boarded on Webster Street.


Frank M. Clynes

Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Clynes was one of the men who enlisted following the July recruitment
rally in Middleborough, along with Boehme, Foisie and Hannon.


Michael J. Cronan

January 3, 1877, East Taunton, MA – February 23, 1952, St. Petersburg, FL
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Cronan was included in the first group of ten soldiers from Middleborough to be mustered into Company D. Like several others, he was initially engaged as a shoe worker and was employed by Leonard & Barrows following his military service. In the 1930s, he was working as an insurance agent.

Mrs. Margaret Peterson, wife of Walter Peterson, of Mill street, and Mrs. Lillian Mitchell, wife of Warren Mitchell, of Somerville, flew from Logan International airport in East Boston yesterday to Washington, D. C., to attend the funeral services of their father, Michael J. Cronan, who died on Saturday in St. Petersburg, Fla., where he had been living for some years. His wife, Mrs. Cora Cronan, was expected to arrive in Washington by train from St. Petersburg yesterday.

Funeral services for Mr. Cronan, a veteran of the Spanish-American war, will be held this morning in the National cemetery in Arlington, Va., across the Potomac from Washington.

Mr. Cronan had reached his 75th birthday on January 3 of this year. He had been a resident of Middleboro for many years and for 25 years was an agent of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Before entering the insurance business he had worked on the Taunton street railway. He was born in East Taunton, the son of Cornelius and Hannah (Ahearn) Cronan. He was a member of the Nemasket Tribe, Improved Order of Red Men.

Mr. Cronan is survived by his widow, by four daughters, Mrs. Gordon Robbins, Mrs. George Rogers and Mrs. Walter Peterson, of Middleboro, and Mrs. Warren Mitchell, of Somerville; by one son, Howard F. Cronan of Putnam, Conn.; and one sister, Mrs. Michael D. Waldron of Utica, N. Y.


Cronan is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, section 34, site 783.


Alton B. Durant

August 2, 1879, Middleborough, MA -
Private, Company F, Twenty-First Infantry, U. S. A.

Durant was the son of Frank B. and Emma P. Durant. He served three enlistments and saw action both in Cuba during the Spanish American War and in the Philippines during the Philippine American War. Prior to the war in 1897, he was employed as a shoe worker by Leonard & Barrows and was residing on Forest Street. Durant first enlisted at Boston on May 3, 1898. At the time, he represented his age as 22 years and 8 months although it was likely that he was near to or was in fact under age. Durant served as a private in Company A, 7th Infantry, of the regular army, and saw action in Cuba at El Caney and San Juan Hill. He was discharged from service on February 15, 1899, at Camp Bacon, Minnesota.

On March 11, 1899, Durant re-enlisted at Boston for a second term of service and was mustered into Company F, 21st Infantry of the regular army. At this time, he gave his age as 19 and a half. Durant was described physically at the time of this enlistment as being of fair complexion with blue eyes and light brown hair, and being 5 feet, 6¼ inches in height. His occupation he gave as shoe maker. The regiment was immediately shipped to Luzon in the Philippines and on August 1, 1900, Durant was stationed on Corregidor. He was discharged on April 2, 1902, at Angel Island, California. Under the remarks on his record at the time of discharge is the comment “excellent.”

On April 25, 1902, Durant enlisted for the third time, and served in the army until October 3, 1903


Joseph Henry Edwards

c. 1871 - July 24, 1911, Sanbornville, NH
Private, Company E, Third Infantry, New Hampshire National Guard

Edwards interrupted his studies at Dartmouth College in order to enlist immediately following the declaration of war in spring 1898. Following the war, he subsequently graduated and later coached at Oberlin College about a decade after the great John Heisman for whom the Heisman Trophy is named.

The news of the death of Joseph Henry Edwards in Sanbornville, N. H., Monday was received with deep regret by his many friends. Mr. Edwards came to Middleboro when a young boy from Sandwich, and went to work for John M. Cushman on his farm and attended school. After graduation from the High school he entered Dartmouth College in 1895. When the Spanish-American was broke out, Mr. Edwards enlisted in a New Hampshire regiment. After his term of service he received an honorable discharge, returned to Dartmouth and graduated. While in college Mr. Edwards was probably as well known as any student, as he played with great success in the football team, playing at right tackle, and he was considered one of the most expert players ever on the Dartmouth team. After graduation he went to Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, as an instructor in athletics where he became prominent in football circles as coach, carrying the team to victory in the state series for two consecutive years. Later, he taught school with success in Wolfboro Academy, and High schools in Maine and New Hampshire. In 1910 he married Mrs. Lillian Rogers of Sanbornville, N. H., where he has since carried on a farm. Mr. Edwards was about 40 years of age. He was a member of the Masons and the Knights of Pythias.


Nelson George Foisie

October 22, 1875, NH -
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Foisie was of French-Canadian heritage and was born in New Hampshire. It is not clear what his connection with Middleborough was, but he was mustered into Company D, Fifth Regiment as a result of the town’s recruitment rally in mid-1898, later serving in that unit’s band. At the time of the First World War he was residing in Nashua, New Hampshire, and operating a restaurant, the Colonial House, with Hector Bourque. By 1921, he had relocated to Wakefield, Massachusetts, where he was the proprietor of the Auto Lunch on Central Square. Foisie continued to reside on the North Shore where he continued in the restaurant business. His surname is sometimes erroneously given as Posey.


Nelson T. Frank

b. c. 1876, IN -
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Frank was born in Indiana, and was residing at Marion, Massachusetts, in 1880 with his mother Flora Frank and grandmother Hannah Swift. By 1895 he was in Middleborough where he was employed by Leonard & Barrows as a shoeworker. He was among the first men to enlist and was in the original group of ten that was mustered into Company D. Upon his return to Middleborough, he took a place with Hathaway, Soule & Harrington, shoe manufacturers. He was later a shoe worker in Whitman and Brockton, Massachusetts.


Ernest C. Hannon

Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Hannon was among the second wave of four Middleborough men who were mustered into service following the town’s mid-summer recruitment rally of 1898.


Justin Winfield Hayward

November 12, 1874, prob. Bridgewater, MA -
Private, Co. B, Forty-Sixth Infantry, U. S. V.

Hayward served his enlistment in the Philippines. Although little is presently known regarding his service, the Middleboro Gazette reported in early 1900 that Hayward had been taken prisoner during an engagement. There seems to be no other local record substantiating or refuting this statement.

Hayward returned home safely from the Philippines and at the time of his wedding in 1905, he was described as “a former resident on South street, and is well known in the vicinity.” He was a shoe worker and a resident of Abington, Massachusetts, by 1910.


George H. Holmes

c. 1868, Rochester, MA - March 24, 1914, Johnson City, TN
Corporal, Co. D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Holmes enlisted with other Middleborough men on June 24, 1898, at Plymouth, MA, and was mustered in with the rank of a corporal. Possibly this was due to skills which he had from his employment in Middleborough as a clerk. Holmes was a small man, described in 1913 as 5 feet 4½ inches tall, with a dark complexion with brown hair and brown eyes. Holmes served with the regiment until discharged November 31, 1899, at Greenville, SC.

At the time, he may have been suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, a disease with which he certainly later was afflicted. He was listed as being in divisional hospital in March, 1899, while still in camp. Undeterred, Holmes reenlisted on May 29, 1900, at Boston and ultimately served in the Philippines with the 12th Infantry for three years, being discharged on July 4, 1903 at Fort Douglas, Utah.

He resided in California subsequent to his discharge and on April 22, 1913, was admitted to the Mountain Branch National Disabled Soldiers’ Home in Johnson City, Tennessee. Though he was discharged less than a month later on May 21, he was readmitted on October 20, 1913.

Life in these homes was highly regimented and was patterned upon the military life to which its residents had at one time been accustomed.

Holmes died of pulmonary tuberculosis on March 24, 1914, at 11:20 in the evening at the Mountain Branch Home, and was buried on March 27, 1914, in Mountain Home National Cemetery, Section A, Row 8, Site 4. He was the brother of Mrs. Mattie P. (Holmes) Egger of Middleborough.

Mrs. William Egger received word this week of the death of her brother, George H. Holmes, at the National Soldiers’ Home in Johnson City, Tenn., Tuesday. Mr. Holmes, who passed the summer months here, was formerly a resident, being employed as a candy maker by the late Samuel S. Bourne, and later worked in Brockton. In the Spanish war he enlisted with Company D, Fifth Regiment, M. V. M., and when this command was mustered out of the U. S. service he reenlisted and served three years in the Philippines. He was 46 years of age.


Chester Arthur Hopkins

August 26, 1873, MA -
Private, First Battalion, U. S. M. C.

Like a number of the other Middleborough volunteers, Hopkins was an employee of Leonard & Barrows. For whatever reason, he chose not to enlist in Company D with them, but opted for the Marines Corps, enlisting on June 3, 1898. On May 4, Congress had authorized the expansion of the Marine Corps by the addition of another 1,640 men and Hopkins was among them. His unit was initially stationed at the Charlestown Navy Yard at Boston before shipping out to Cuba.

In Cuba, Hopkins took part in the action around Santiago in late June and early July, and he was erroneously reported in Middleborough as having been killed.

A rumor was current about town the first of the week that Chester Hopkins was dead from wounds received at Santiago. A letter was received from him by George W. Starbuck stating that he had been wounded in the hand slightly and that he was then in the marine barracks at Key West.

He remained in the shoe manufacturing business for a number of years following his return. In 1915 he was named foreman of the sole leather department of the George E. Keith Company plant at Middleborough and was in 1918 appointed an inspector of shoes for the United States Army Quartermasters Corps. Later, he worked as a sorter in a shoe factory and resided in Rockland, Massachusetts.


George E. Humphrey

c. 1878, MA -
Company C, First Regiment, First Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry

Humphrey is recorded as having been “the only Rock [Village] boy who was enlisted in the army.” In early May 1898, Humphrey enlisted in the Rhode Island militia and was mustered in at Quonset Point. He served with that regiment in camp until March 30, 1899, when he was mustered out at Columbia, South Carolina.

He was a resident of Easton, Massachusetts, in 1930, at which time he was employed as an inspector for an insurance company


James D. Maxim

January, 1866, New Bedford, MA - April 9, 1936, Middleborough, MA
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

By the age of fifteen, Maxim was already working as a teamster in Taunton. He resided in Taunton between East Taunton and North Lakeville on Middleboro Avenue “beyond the pond”. It is unclear what, if any, connection Maxim had with Middleborough. Following the war, Maxim returned to Taunton where he was engaged as a cooper. He later resided at Lakeville until 1925, working as a motorman on the street railway and later as a laborer for the Betty’s Neck Company. In 1925, Maxim relocated to Middleborough, but continued to by employed as a cranberry bog laborer. He is buried in the Pond Cemetery at Lakeville.

James Maxim, 69, of Peirce street, died last Thursday night at Chelsea Naval hospital where he had been receiving treatment. He was born in New Bedford, the son of David and Orilla (Braley) Maxim and had lived for some time in Lakeville. The last eleven years he had spent here in Middleboro. He held membership in the Sons of Union Veterans and was a Veteran of the Spanish American War. He was formerly a motorman on the trolley cars running between [Middleborough] and New Bedford. His wife, Nellie (Cummings) Maxim survives. Funeral services were held Monday afternoon at 2.30 o’clcock at Egger Funeral Home and were conducted by the Rev. george Parker Jr. Internment was in Pond cemetery, Lakeville. A firing squad from the local Legion Post, in charge of Carl Kendall fired volleys at the grave.


Sampson McFarlin

September 22, 1877, Carver, MA – December 29, 1957, Lakeville, MA
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

McFarlin was a shoeworker by trade at the time of his enlistment, working at the Hathaway, Soule and Harrington plant on Cambridge Street. After his return from service, he was engaged by Leonard & Barrows and boarded on Everett Street. In 1910 he moved to North Lakeville where he spent the remainder of his life. He is buried in the Richmond Cemetery on Taunton Street in Lakeville.

Sampson McFarlin, retired shoe worker and correctional officer at the Briwgewater State Farm, died Sunday night at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Kenneth B. Keedwell on South Main street, at the age of 80. An unusually active man for his years, Mr. McFarlin was stricken with a heart attack last week while enjoying his favorite diversion of bowling at the YMCA and following hospitalization had returned to the home of his daughter to recuperate.

He was a native of Carver, the son of Thomas H. and Susan (Hudson) McFarlin, and had lived on Taunton street in North Lakeville for 47 years.

Mr. McFarlin was well known in the community through his many years of interest in the Nemasket Grange of which he was a past master. He was also a member of the Central Methodist Church, the Old Middleborough Historical Society and the Audubon Society. He was a veteran of the Spanish-American War and during World War II served as a fire warden in his locality.

A man outspoken in his opinions on topics of the day, Mr. McFarlin was also known for his communications to the editor of [the Middleboro Gazette] and other publications.

He is survived by six children: Mrs. Clarence Trenouth of Myricks, Mrs. Kenneth B. Keedwell of Middleboro, Mrs. Harold Frizzell of South Middleboro, Mrs. Charles Richards of Middleboro, William McFarlin of [Middleborough] and Thomas H. McFarlin of Weston. His first wife Pamela Caswell, died in1915 and his second wife, Myra Kelley, passed away in 1954.

The Rev. George Emery, pastor of the Central Methodist Church, officiated at the funeral services held Tuesday afternoon at the Egger Funeral Home. Burial was in Richmond cemetery, North Lakeville.


George T. Moffett

c. 1879, prob. Dartmouth, MA -
Massachusetts Naval Brigade, U. S. S. Minnesota

Moffett was listed as a “short hand writer” in the Middleborough directory for 1897 at which time he was boarding on Myrtle Street. Moffett served aboard the U. S. S. Minnesota, a steam frigate dating from 1855. Unknown to Moffett, he was engaged in seeing Eben Shaw of Middleborough through the streets of Boston. As Shaw’s battalion of Massachusetts Heavy Artillery made its way to Fort Warren, “the men of the [Massachusetts] Naval Brigade, on board the Minnesota, came swarming from below in their white uniforms, and strained their throats in fraternal desire to start the regiment fittingly on its wasy to the outer harbor-works.”

Following his war service, Moffatt took a position with Harvard University, was later employed in Missouri and acted as editor of the American Credit-Indemnity Quarterly.

His surname is alternately spelled as “Moffitt”


James E. Murphy

1867- December 18, 1912, Middleborough, MA
Corporal, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Murphy, like his Middleborough comrades, was likely a shoe worker prior to his enlistment. Certainly upon his return, he engaged in that occupation, being employed by Leonard & Barrows. Sometime later he took a position with the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, working in the Middleborough rail yard as a freight conductor. He died there in a tragic accident in December, 1912.

James Murphy, aged 44 years, night freight conductor in the Middleborough yard, was instantly killed at 10.30 Wednesday night while at work in the local yard. He was riding on a flat car loaded with iron car frames, and was swinging off the side of the car which was near a cross over. There was another car on the next track, near the cross over, and as Murphy swung off the car he was riding on he was crushed between the two cars, which it is said, were quite close together on account of the tracks coming together for the switch, and the second car not being far enough ahead to fully clear the switch.

Dr. A. V. Smith viewed the remains and the body was taken to the late home on Montello street. When word of the accident was received night operator Thibodeau called Dr. Cummings and also Rev. Fr. Thoms J. O’Neil, assistant at the Sacred Heart church, to offer spiritual consolation, but Murphy was dead when they reached him. His death is particularly pathetic as a wife and several children are left. Mr. Murphy had been employed by the railroad about seven years. He was formerly a baseball player here. He was a veteran of the Spanish-American war, being a member of Co. D, 5th regiment. The funeral will be held Saturday morning at 9 o’clcock at the Sacred Heart church.

Murphy was buried in St. Mary’s Cemetery, Middleborough.


Christopher D. Reed

c. 1879, Bridgewater, MA – April 13, 1901, Fort McDowell, CA
Private, Company K, Twenty-First Infantry, U. S. A.

Reed, like so many others, was a shoe maker by occupation when he enlisted for three years on March 2, 1899 at Boston. The physical description of him left at the time indicated that he was 5 feet, 5¼ inches tall, with blue eyes, dark brown hair and a “florid” complexion.

The sole notice of Reed’s service at present appears to be the brief notice in the Middleboro Gazette which originally appeared in 1900 and was reprinted in 1925 indicating that Reed was then stationed in the Philippines. Sadly, he was one of the war's casualties. His enlistment record records only that he “accidentally drowned April 13, 1901 at Ft. McDowell, Cal. A pvt.”


James H. Richards

Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Richards was a Leonard & Barrows employee and boarding at Mrs. Julia Boardman’s summer boarding house on Vaughan Street in 1897. Here he was friendly with Eli Boardman who also enlisted in Company D but apparently failed to pass the physical examination. Richards himself was successful and served his full enlistment with the regiment as an “artificer”.


Eben H. Shaw

July 17, 1872, Middleborough, MA – October 20, 1949, Los Angeles, CA
Musician, Battery F, First Regiment, Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.

Shaw was one of the first Middleborough men to enlist. Though he resided on Mayflower Avenue in Middleborough, he was employed as a machinist at Taunton and there he enlisted in April, 1898, in Battery F, First Regiment, Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. It was reported at the time of the formation of the company that “Battery F, 1st Regiment, from Taunton, passed its physical examination in fine style, not a man being disqualified. The surgeon said the Cape battalion, composed of men from New Bedford, Fall River, Taunton and Brockton, was made up of the finest lot of men he ever examined.”

Though Shaw undoubtedly felt that his skills as a mechanic would find use in a heavy artillery regiment, he ultimately served as the battery’s musician. Shaw spent the duration of the war at Fort Warren in Boston, and the battalion’s history has been well documented.

He spent the latter half of his life in California, continuing to work as a machinist.


Harry J. Shores

April, 1884, WV –
U. S. Navy

Virtually nothing is presently known of Shores’ service during the war. He is recorded on the 1930 census as a Spanish-American War veteran and in 1906, the Middleboro Gazette reported the completion of his term of enlistment in the Navy. During World War I, he served on the committee on recruitment in Middleborough.


Robert M. Shores

c. 1870, Wareham, Massachusetts – June 17, 1931, Rutland, MA
Private, Company D, Eighth Regiment, U. S. V.

Shores was the older brother of Harry J. Shores. He enlisted June 22, 1898. By mid-July, Shores was at Chickamauga Park in Georgia. The company was mustered out of service April 28, 1899.

Robert M. Shores was residing in the Veterans’ Hospital in Rutland, Massachusetts, in 1930. Although his obituary in the Middleboro Gazette fails to mention his service in the war, it is verified in the 1930 Federal census and pension records.

Robert E. [sic] Shores, 61, for many years a resident of this town died in Rutland Wednesday. He was born in Wareham, the son of Albert and Phoebe (Stevens) Shores and lived in this town during his early life being employed as a shoeworker. For many years he has made his home in Mansfield. Two brothers, Fred Shores and Harry Shores of this town, survive. The funeral was held this afternoon with internment in Center cemetery, Wareham.


John F. Smith

b. c. 1871, MA -
Company C, 7th U. S. Infantry, U. S. Army

Smith was the son of James Smith of Everett Street. Although this was the same regiment in which Alton B. Durant also served, it may be that Smith was unaware of this. He enlisted on May 2, 1898, at Boston, one day prior to Durant, and by May he had made his way with his regiment to Chickamauga Park. The regiment fought at El Caney and San Juan Hill in Cuba where Smith saw action and was fortunate to escape injury. Company C was mustered out February 12, 1899, at Fort Wayne, Michigan.

Smith resided in New Hampshire subsequent to his discharge. Like George H. Holmes, Smith spent his later years in a National Soldiers’ Home, in this instance at Dayton, Ohio. Smith was admitted in April, 1928, at the age of 57, suffering from arthritis, chronic myocarditis, and chronic bronchitis. He was described as being 5 feet 7 ½ inches tall, with blue eyes and brown hair. Also like so many of his Middleborough comrades, Smith was a shoe maker by trade.


Clifford Taylor

Machinist First Class, U. S. S. Catskill

Taylor served his enlistment aboard the U. S. S. Catskill, a Civil War era monitor built in 1862. Outdated, the vessel was re-commissioned for patrol duty in the waters of New England in order to free more modern craft for duty in the war zone. The monitor served from April 16 through September 22.

Following the war, Taylor was employed as a firefighter in Boston.


Fred A. Thomas

July 10, 1878, Middleborough, MA – July 12, 1944, Middleborough, MA
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Not much is known of Thomas’ enlistment or service. After completing his military duties, he was employed by Leonard & Barrows. He was later a noted construction contractor in Middleborough (his sons would later establish Thomas Brothers). He is buried at Nemasket Hill Cemetery in Middleborough.

Fred A. Thomas, 66, a lifelong resident of [Middleboro] and Lakeville and prominent in the affairs of the Central Baptist church and the community died Wednesday night at St. Luke’s hospital where he had been removed from his home on Bloomfield avenue less than a week ago. Mr. Thomas was born on July 10, 1878, the son of George B. and Mary O. (Clark) Thomas. In his early years he was engaged in farming in Lakeville, was a salesman for the old Youth’s Companion and worked for a brief period in a local shoe factory.

Some years ago Mr. Thomas became associated with the Atwood-Thomas Construction Company and for twelve years was engaged in road and bridge building, a large part of the firm’s work being carried out in Vermont following the disastrous flood of 1927. During this period he was the first to build a modern two-lane concrete highway in that state.

In 1932 he gave up the contracting business and from that time until 1941 conducted the Middleboro Motor Sales garage on Wareham street, the scene of the bad fire last Saturday afternoon.

Of late he had been associated with his sons, Arnold, George and Caleb in the conduct of their general contracting business and had been active in its work until stricken with shock about a week ago.

He was a veteran of the Spanish-American war.

One of Mr. Thomas’ greatest interest was in the affairs of the Central Baptist church of which he was a lifelong member and was serving as deacon at the time of his death. For nearly 20 years he served as superintendent of the Sunday school and was a past president of the Men’s class. He was also an ardent sports fan and in his early years participated in many athletic events.

Surviving are his widow, Ruby (Howes) Thomas; three sons, Arnold L., and Caleb A., of [Middleboro] and George B., now a sergeant with the U. S. Army Engineers in New Guinea; three daughters, Mrs. Sybil Ryder and Mrs. Florence Cummings of [Middleboro] and Myra, a second lieutenant in the army nurse corps; a sister, Mrs. Lillie S. Nelson of Jamaica Plain, and a brother, Elmer Thomas of Waltham.

The Rev. James L. Hynes, pastor of the Central Baptist church, will conduct the services Saturday afternoon at 2.30 o’clock from the Egger Funeral home and burial will be in the Nemasket Hill cemetery.


Horace Tinkham

- March 7, 1899
Private, Company D, Fifth Infantry, U. S. V.

Tinkham was the son of George W. Tinkham. The circumstances surrounding his death are not known, although he died shortly after the conclusion of the war. He is buried in the Reed Cemetery on Marion Road in Middleborough, and his grave is marked by a marble stone supplied by the government in 1900.


Frederick H. White

b. c. 1878, Massachusetts -
Private, Twenty-Sixth Infantry, U. S. A.

Like a number of other local soldiers, White was a first generation American, his parents having been born in Germany.

White appears to have enlisted at least twice. During his first enlistment, he served as a private in Company D, Fifth Regiment, with his fellow townsmen. In July, 1899, he enlisted in the Twenty-Sixth Infantry, and saw service in the Philippines. White’s enlistment was particularly grueling, and he wrote home in early 1900 remarking upon the number of desertions from his unit, a circumstance prompted by the deadly climate and horrific conditions the soldiers had to endure. A year later, he himself would be honorably discharged and sent home with the remainder of his unit:

F. H. White of Middleboro, a member of New England’s volunteer regiment, the Mass. 26th infantry, is on his way home with the regiment after nearly two years’ service in the Philippines. The 26th has been in several battles with the Paney insurgents and has always come out victorious.

In 1930, he was employed as a fireman in the “navy yard” and was residing at Quincy.


Sources:

Boehme
Middleboro Gazette, May 28, 1909:6 (employed in St. Louis); July 7, 1916:1 (obituary); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, July 6, 1923:6 (enlists); April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls./Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro, Massachusetts. For 1897. (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 55./Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro’ and Lakeville, Massachusetts, for 1899. (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 55.

Brown
Middleboro Gazette, May 12, 1905:4 (daughter born); January 12, 1906:4 (praised by Brockton Times); February 23, 1912:4 (obituary); October 14, 1921:5 (accepts call from First Unitarian); December 30, 1921:6 (fishes Pocksha); "What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago", April 6, 1923:5 (appointed chaplain in U. S. Navy); ibid., May 4, 1923:10 (naval chaplain); ibid., April 15, 1927:6 (accepts call to Buffalo)

Chandler
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., March 28, 1924:6 (soldier in divisional hospital); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls.

Chapman
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, July 13, 1923:5 (member Co. D); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro’ and Lakeville, Massachusetts, for 1899. (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 61.

Clynes
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, July 6, 1923:6 (enlists); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls.

Cronan
Middleboro Gazette, “Middleboro”, July 17, 1914:8 (to start Spanish War veterans group); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., January 18, 1924:7 9 (prison guard at Greenville); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Company D); “Recent Death”, February 28, 1952:7 (obituary)/National Cemetery Administration. U.S. Veterans Gravesites, ca.1775-2006 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Original data: National Cemetery Administration. Nationwide Gravesite Locator/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro’ and Lakeville, Massachusetts, for 1899. (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 65/United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Middleborough, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll 940; Page: 15A; Enumeration District: 79; Image: 613.0. Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls.

Durant
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, February 22, 1924:6 (mustered out after action in Cuba)/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro, Massachusetts. For 1897. Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd., p. 70/U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Register of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914 (National Archives Microfilm Publication M233, 81 rolls); Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917, Record Group 94; National Archives, Washington, D.C./United States Federal Census. Year: 1900; Census Place: Corregidor Island, Philippine Islands, Military and Naval Forces; Roll T623_1840; Enumeration District: 174. Ancestry.com. 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900. T623, 1854 rolls.

Edwards
Middleboro Gazette, August 5, 1910:4 (weds Lillian Sanborn Rogers); March 10, 1911:4 (in sleigh accident); July 28, 1911:2, 3 (death notice obituary); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 18, 1920:3 (attends Dartmouth); ibid., October 6, 1922:8 (plays football at Dartmouth); ibid., November 10, 1922:5 (appears in Illustrated American); ibid., April 27, 1923:5 (enlists in NH National Guard); ibid., August 3, 1923:6 (regiment on way to Puerto Rico); ibid., December 7, 1923:6 (attends Dartmouth).

Foisie
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., July 6, 1923:6 (enlists); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D)/Nashua, New Hampshire, city directories, 1917-18/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1920;Census Place: Stoneham, Middlesex, Massachusetts; Roll T625_719; Page: 11B; Enumeration District: 461; Image: 296. Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2009. Original data: Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920; (National Archives Microfilm Publication T625, 2076 rolls); Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29; National Archives, Washington, D.C./
United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Stoneham, Middlesex, Massachusetts; Roll 929; Page: 3A; Enumeration District: 466; Image: 641.0. Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census (on-line data base). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls/The Wakefield, Stoneham, Reading, North Reading and Lynnfield Massachusetts Directory 1921-1922 (Salem, MA: The Henry M. Meek Publishing Co., 1921), p. 380/World War I Draft Registration Cards. Registration Location: Hillsborough County, New Hampshire; Roll 1711720; Draft Board: 1 Ancestry.com. World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: United States, Selective Service System. World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. M1509, 4,582 rolls.

Frank
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); “Old Middleborough”, February 18, 1927:1 (1896 YMCA class pictured)/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro’ and Lakeville, Massachusetts, for 1899 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 74/United States Federal Census. Year: 1880. Census Place: Marion, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll T9_550; Family History Film: 1254550; Page: 571.1000; Enumeration District: 545; Image: 0151. Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1880 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1880. T9, 1,454 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1910. Census Place: Whitman, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll T624_613; Page: 11B; Enumeration District: 1252; Image: 487. Ancestry.com. 1910 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1910. T624, 1,178 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1920. Census Place: Brockton Ward 7, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll T625_725; Page: 6A; Enumeration District: 93; Image: 409. Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2009.

Hannon
Middleboro Gazette, March 5, 1909:6 (former resident bridge building in NY); September 23, 1910:4 (employed in Brazil as engineer); May 5, 1911:2 (employed building bridges in Rio Madeira Valley); June 16, 1911:4 (returns from South America); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, May 4, 1923:10 (volunteers for Williams’ regiment); May 11, 1923:2 (employed in NYC); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, May 4, 1923:10 (enlists in Williams regiment); ibid., July 6, 1923:6 (enlists); ibid., September 21, 1923:6 (writes from Co. D); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D)

Hayward
Middleboro Gazette, December 29, 1905:1 (weds Maria T. Bennett); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, January 30, 1925:7 (taken prisoner in Philippines)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo,UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1910; Census Place: Abington, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll T624_610; Page: 13B; Enumeration District: 1173; Image: 978. Ancestry.com. 1910 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1910. T624, 1,178 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Abington, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll 938; Page: 10A; Enumeration District: 1; Image: 463.0. Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls/World War I Draft Registration Cards. Registration Location: Plymouth County, Massachusetts; Roll 1684751; Draft Board: 37.
World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: United States, Selective Service System. World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. M1509, 4,582 rolls.

Holmes
Middleboro Gazette, March 28, 1913:8 (is in California); March 27, 1914:8 (obituary); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., March 28, 1924:6 (in divisional hospital); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers)/National Cemetery Administration. U.S. Veterans Gravesites, ca.1775-2006 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Original data: National Cemetery Administration. Nationwide Gravesite Locator/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro, Massachusetts. For 1897 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 80/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro’ and Lakeville, Massachusetts, for 1899 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 81/U.S. National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Historical Register of National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1749, 282 rolls); Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Record Group 15; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Hopkins
Middleboro Gazette, April 16, 1915:3 (named Keith foreman); March 15, 1918:1 (named inspector for US Army); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 8, 1923:9 (enlists in Marines); ibid., July 13, 1923:5 (wounded at Santiago); ibid., March 14, 1924:6 (discharged)/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro, Massachusetts. For 1897 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 81/United States Federal Census. Year: 1900; Census Place: Middleborough, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll T623_674; Page: 19A; Enumeration District: 1135. 1900 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900. T623, 1854 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1920;Census Place: Rockland, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll T625_727; Page: 5A; Enumeration District: 140; Image: 620. 1920 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2009. Original data: Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920; (National Archives Microfilm Publication T625, 2076 rolls); Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29; National Archives, Washington, D.C./U.S. Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1798-1940 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Muster Rolls of the U.S. Marine Corps, 1798-1892; (National Archives Microfilm Publication T1118, 123 rolls); Records of the U.S. Marine Corps, Record Group 127; National Archives, Washington, D.C., and U.S. Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1893-1940; (National Archives Microfilm Publication T977, 460 rolls); Records of the U.S. Marine Corps, Record Group 127; National Archives, Washington, D.C./U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Register of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M233, 81 rolls); Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917, Record Group 94; National Archives, Washington, D.C./World War I Draft Registration Cards. Registration Location: Plymouth County, Massachusetts; Roll 1685067; Draft Board: 2. World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: United States, Selective Service System. World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. M1509, 4,582 rolls.

Humphrey
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, May 4, 1923:10 (enlists in RI militia); ibid., May 18, 1923:10 (only Rock boy)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/Roster of the 1st Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry, The Spanish American War Centennial Website/United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Easton, Bristol, Massachusetts; Roll 886; Page: 2B; Enumeration District: 183; Image: 897.0. 1930 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls.

Maxim
Middleboro Gazette, March 9, 1906:1; March 14, 1913:1; September 12, 1919:1 (employed Betty’s Neck Co.); August 18, 1922:1 (injured at mill); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); May 30, 1924:1 (injured by falling log); February 27, 1925:1 (sells Lakeville property); March 13, 1925:1,9 (moves to Middleborough); October 16, 1925:10; January 15, 1926:1; “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D); March 30, 1934:1; April 17, 1936:1 (obituary)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/Taunton, Massachusetts, Directory for 1893 (Taunton, MA: Sampson, Murdock & Co., 1893)/United States Federal Census. Year: 1880; Census Place: Taunton, Bristol, Massachusetts; Roll T9_526; Family History Film: 1254526; Page: 423.4000; Enumeration District: 123; Image: 0216. 1880 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1880. T9, 1,454 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1900; Census Place: Taunton Ward 4, Bristol, Massachusetts; Roll T623_639; Page: 14B; Enumeration District: 226. Ancestry.com. 1900 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900. T623, 1854 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1910; Census Place: Lakeville, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll T624_612; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 1221; Image: 316. 1910 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1910. T624, 1,178 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Middleborough, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll 940; Page: 37A; Enumeration District: 79; Image: 659.0. 1930 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls.

McFarlin
Middleboro Gazette, April 19, 1907:2 (daughter born); August 20, 1909:4 and June 3, 1910:3 (purchases land); July 1, 1910:4 (moves from Muttock to No. Lakeville); October 21, 1910:6 (sells North St. house to Ritter); March 3, 1911:3 (son born); August 23, 1912:4 (moves house); August 1, 1913:4 (10th wedding anniversary); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); November 9, 1923:6 (house rebuilt); January 11, 1924:3 (occupies new house); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); ibid., August 1, 1924:6 (joins Mass. militia); March 13, 1925:8; “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D); “Recent Death”, January 2, 1958:7 (obituary)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro, Massachusetts. For 1897 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 90/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro’ and Lakeville, Massachusetts, for 1899 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 90.

Moffett
Frye, Colonel James A.
The First Regiment Massachusetts Heavy Artillery United States Volunteers in the Spanish-American War of 1898 (Boston: The Colonial Company, 1899), p. 35/
Middleboro Gazette, August 31, 1906:4 (employed in Missouri); May 31, 1907:4 (editor); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, April 27, 1923:5 (stationed in Boston with Navy); ibid., June 19, 1925:6 (accepts Harvard post); October 21, 1932:4 (son born)/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro, Massachusetts. For 1897 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 98/United States Federal Census. Year: 1920;Census Place: St Louis Ward 5, St Louis (Independent City), Missouri; Roll T625_949; Page: 12B; Enumeration District: 101; Image: 108. Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2009. Original data: Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920; (National Archives Microfilm Publication T625, 2076 rolls); Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Murphy
Middleboro Gazette, August 25, 1911:1 (trapped in freight car); September 29, 1911:6; December 20, 1912:1; December 27, 1912:5 (subscription for widow); January 10, 1913:1 (inquest into death and findings); February 14, 1913:6 (petition for administration of estate); March 14, 1913:5 (railroad settles sum on family); ibid., (administrator appointed); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., July 6, 1923:6 (mustered in as corporal); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); “Old Middleborough”, December 11, 1925:1 (old firefighters at station pictured); ibid., July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D)/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro’ and Lakeville, Massachusetts, for 1899 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 95.

Reed
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, January 30, 1925:7 (stationed in the Philippines)/U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Register of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M233, 81 rolls); Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917, Record Group 94; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Richards
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., July 6, 1923:6 (mustered in as artificer); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers)/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro, Massachusetts. For 1897 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 102.

Shaw
Frye, Colonel James A.
The First Regiment Massachusetts Heavy Artillery United States Volunteers in the Spanish-American War of 1898 (Boston: The Colonial Company, 1899)/
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, April 27, 1923:5 (leaves for Fort Warren)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/Old Colony Memorial, “County and Elsewhere”, May 21, 1898:4/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro, Massachusetts. For 1897 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 106/Roster of the 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Heavy Artillery Battalion, The Spanish American War Centennial Website/United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Roll 132; Page: 1B; Enumeration District: 22; Image: 1047.0. Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls.

H. J. Shores
Middleboro Gazette, April 27, 1906:4 (completes enlistment); April 27, 1917:1 (recruitment committee)/United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Middleborough, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll 940; Page: 23A; Enumeration District: 79; Image: 631.0.
1930 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls.

R. M. Shores
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, July 13, 1923:5 (enlists, at Chickamauga); June 19, 1931:1, 4 (death notice an obituary)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/United States Federal Census. Year: 1870; Census Place: Wareham, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Roll M593_639; Page: 808A; Image: 784; Family History Library Film: 552138. Ancestry.com. 1870 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2009. Original data: 1870 U.S. census, population schedules. NARA microfilm publication M593, 1,761 rolls. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d./United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Rutland, Worcester, Massachusetts; Roll 965; Page: 5A; Enumeration District: 259; Image: 583.0. Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls/Webber, Harry E., comp. Twelve Months with the Eighth Massachusetts Infantry in the Service of the United States (Salem, MA, USA: Newcomb and Gauss, Printers, 1908), p. 258.

Smith
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, May 11, 1923:6 (enlists); ibid., July 6, 1923:6 (escapes injury at Santiago); ibid., February 22, 1924:6 (mustered out)/U.S. National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Historical Register of National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1749, 282 rolls); Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Record Group 15; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Taylor
Middleboro Gazette, February 8, 1907:4 and July 18, 1913:3 (Boston firefighter); “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, May 4, 1923:10 (USS Catskill); ibid., July 13, 1923:5 (promoted to Machinist First Class).

Thomas
Middleboro Gazette, “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 22, 1923:9 (enlists); ibid., June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); ibid., July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D); “Recent Deaths”, July 14, 1944:5 (obituary)/National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls/Resident and Business Directory of Middleboro’ and Lakeville, Massachusetts, for 1899 (Needham, MA: A. E. Foss & Co., nd.), p. 116.

Tinkham
Gravestone Record, Reed Cemetery, Marion Road, Middleborough, MA/Headstones Provided for Deceased Union Civil War Veterans, 1879-1903 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Card Records of Headstones Provided for Deceased Union Civil War Veterans, ca. 1879-ca. 1903; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1845, 22 rolls); Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, Record Group 92; National Archives, Washington, D.C./National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls.

White
Middleboro Gazette, October 9, 1908:1; “What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago”, June 29, 1923:9 (ships out from town); ibid., April 4, 1924:6 (named among returning soldiers); ibid., July 18, 1924:7 (enlists in 26th); ibid., May 1, 1925:8 (writes home); ibid., March 12, 1926:6 (returns from Philippines); “Old Middleborough”, July 17, 1931:1 (pictured as member Co. D)/United States Federal Census. Year: 1930; Census Place: Quincy, Norfolk, Massachusetts; Roll 936; Page: 1B; Enumeration District: 96; Image: 491.0. Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls.


It is hoped to supplement the information posted here with additional information as it becomes known.

Thursday, February 4, 2010

Nemasket's Forgotten War

The phrase, “the forgotten war” has been used by historians and other commentators in a number of contexts to describe a number of conflicts. In the particular case of Middleborough and Lakeville, however, it most certainly describes the Spanish-American War. The war fought between May and August, 1898, marked a turning point in American history when America emerged as a global power. However, despite this watershed aspect, little to no historical record has been left regarding local participation in or attitudes towards the war. Inexplicably Thomas Weston’s otherwise comprehensive History of the Town of Middleboro, Massachusetts published in 1906 contains no mention of the war, nor does it list the men who served at the time as it does for preceding conflicts. In the succeeding volume of the town’s history published in 1969, this deficit remained uncorrected - Mrs. Romaine speaks only to the failed attempt to found a Spanish War veterans' organization. Similarly, both Gladys Viger's History of the Town of Lakeville, Massachusetts (1952) and the more focused Salute to Those Who Serve (2002) do not list any Spanish-American War veterans for Lakeville. Surprisingly, the war is not even listed with the other conflicts in which Lakeville men were engaged. Nemasket's "Men of '98" were simply forgotten as was the conflict in which they fought.

One reason for this oversight may be the dubious nature of the war’s origins and the fact that public opinion had clearly been manipulated by a war-hungry press at the time, clamoring to bring about a conflict with Spain. Yet this is no excuse for the neglect. Perhaps more of a factor is that the number of men who served in the war (about 300,000) remained small compared to earlier and later conflicts. In 1925, the Middleboro Gazette spoke to the small number of Spanish War veterans remarking:

If we consider the numbers killed in action, those who died of fever in southern camps and the numbers who have passed away during the last twenty-seven years, and subtract this from the total involved it does not leave a great many …. Consequently the Spanish War veterans make a poor showing as far as numbers go, at parades and on various occasions.

With too few veterans, the Spanish-American volunteers sadly were unable to record their own contribution or impress it upon the local consciousness as the G. A. R. had done for local Civil War veterans before them and other organizations would do for subsequent veterans. In the absence of such a group, Middleborough and Lakeville quickly forgot their boys.

The War’s Origins

The Spanish-American War was precipitated by the American interest in the struggle between Spain and colonial revolutionaries on the island of Cuba, and fueled by mounting press agitation on the part of the United States. Since the Ten Years War (1868-78), Cuban militants had sought unsuccessfully to separate themselves from Spain, with renewed actions in 1879-80, and again beginning in 1895. The brutal Spanish response to the rebellion attracted the unwelcome attention of the United States which saw its own interests jeopardized by the continuing instability on the island. Coupled with the desire to protect national interests, various parties within the United States also regarded the Cuban conflict of the mid-1890s as a means to expand American power and prestige, a goal fostered by the so-called “yellow press” of William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.

Initially, Middleborough appears to have taken little notice of the mounting hostility towards Spain. More in focus during the first months of 1898 was the ailing economy. In January, savings banks cut their interest rates on deposits from 4 to 3½ per cent due to a lack of suitable investment opportunities, and the Middleboro Savings Bank, in fact, would declare a semi-annual dividend of just 2 per cent in mid-April. Despite the sluggish economy, local development continued with both the Church of Our Saviour and an electric street railway line through Middleborough linking Brockton with New Bedford under construction. As always with New Englanders, the weather was a foremost topic of discussion and though the Gazette remarked in late January upon the remarkably mild winter weather (the first sleigh of the season had only been seen the previous week), the worst winter storm in twenty years subsequently dumped nearly a foot of snow late in the month and February would witness the community’s worst rain storm since the freshet of 1886, with flooding along the Nemasket River. Political pundits, meanwhile, centered their attention upon the coming appointment of Augustus M. Bearse as the town’s postmaster, an act which would create a vacancy in the position of Middleborough Town Clerk, opening widespread speculation as to a successor and prompting much local political maneuvering.

Middleborough’s focus would change, however, after the night of February 15, 1898, when the U. S. S. Maine which had been dispatched to Cuba at the close of January to protect American citizens and interests was destroyed in Havana harbor from a cause which still has not been definitely ascertained (though it remains doubtful that it was a deliberately aggressive action on the part of Spain). The explosion in Havana and the subsequent press campaign against Spain jolted Middleborough and Lakeville out of their quietude. While some residents concurred with President McKinley who counselled caution and stood opposed to war, others in Middleborough and Lakeville, as elsewhere, soon fell victim to the ensuing war fever which was stirred by much of the popular press. (To its credit, it appears that the Gazette took a much less sensational line).

War Fever

The possibility of war with Spain was a hotly debated topic throughout March and April in Middleborough and Lakeville. “The interest here in the war talk emanating from Washington has been intense the past week,” the Gazette reported in late March, 1898. Though several of the Civil War veterans in the local G. A. R. organization may have been presumed to know fully the horrors of war, they too came under the persuasive influence of anti-Spanish sentiment that spring. “Many of the old G. A. R. veterans have felt the old battle spirit firing their blood and the young men stand ready to assist their country when the emergency shall arise.” At the Middleborough post office in the Thatcher Block on Center Street, “an intimation of Spanish strife [was] noted” in the form of a Navy recruiting poster which was on prominent display. A month later, war fever remained “very intense in this vicinity”, prompting one resident “to give free rein to his feelings [and] cut the heads off all his black Spanish fowl.”

Also noteworthy at the time was Middleborough resident William N. Chipman who was reported as being in possession of some cement from the U. S. S. Maine “which fell on the deck of the steamer, City of Washington, at the time of the explosion in the harbor of Havana”. Chipman’s relics were a palpable and powerful reminder of alleged Spanish treachery and helped further fuel the war sentiment locally.

As calls that the nation proceed with caution increasingly were stifled, the Middleboro Gazette found itself joining the growing bandwagon and took pains to indicate that the patriotism of the community was unquestioned. “In the present condition of war like plans and preparations, it might be opportune to say that Middleboro has a military history, seldom surpassed by towns of her size …. Doubtless should the emergency arise the old town will not be backward in once more giving her sons to the defense of national honor.”

April was a month marked by much uncertainty locally, though preparations were hastily being made nationally to put the country on a war footing. At the start of April, the standing army consisted of 2,143 officers and 26,040 enlisted men, and efforts were undertaken to rapidly expand this through the recruitment of volunteers. To Massachusetts was to be delgated the task of defending its own coast, and locally George Fred Williams began organizing a regiment (though with no apparent success).

On April 25, 1898, in response to an ultimatum from the United States that it withdraw its forces from Cuba, Spain declared war. At home, the only immediate perceptible change was seen in a rise in consumer prices. As early as late April, 1898, “Middleboro has already begun to feel the effects of the war in the prices of provisions”, the price of a barrel of flour jumping in price an additional 75 cents to a dollar. Nonetheless, things (including prices) quickly returned to normal, and flour returned to its pre-war price by the start of June.

Soldiers & Sailors

While a number of men enlisted immediately following the declaration, Middleborough’s recruiting efforts were not formalized until mid-June, 1898, when Lieutenant A. E. Lewis and Sergeant Henry Rickard of Company D, Fifth Regiment, opened a recruiting office in the Darrow Block on South Main Street. “Inside of two minutes after the office was opened, Edward J. Shay, James Murphy and Michael J. Cronan had signed the enlistment roll [and] … during the day 22 signatures were obtained.” While not all of the men that enlisted that day passsed the later physical examination, ten did, and they would become the first Middleborough and Lakeville men formally sent to war. Men enlisting in Company D were to be paid $22.60 per month, the federal government paying $15.60 of that and Massachusetts the remainder.

There were a variety of reasons which attracted Middleborough and Lakeville men to enlist, as pointed out at the time.

The make-up and motives actuating the regiments were essentially the same. Men from every walk in life filled the ranks, - the lawyer, the mechanic, the laboring-man, the college student, marching shoulder to shoulder. One of the stock questions asked one another was, “What induced you to enlist?” The answers were as various as they were evasive, ranging all the way from the man who had dined “too well, but not wisely” and who had enlisted immediately after dinner, to the man whose avowed principal motive was patriotism. And if sympathy with the famous remark, “Our country! In her intercourse with foreign nations may she always be in the right; but our country, right or wrong!” can be called enlisting from patriotism, then the great majority of the men must have that credit, for it was for their country they enlisted.

Middleborough’s first quota of young men entered service at the end of June, and appropriate departure exercises were held to see off the men. A supper in the G. A. R. hall in the former Peirce Academy building was “followed by a short session of speechmaking. The volunteers were escorted to the station, and the procession included the police and fire police, Middleboro Band, E. W. Peirce Post 8, G. A. R., T. B. Griffith Camp S. of V., delegations of firemen and lastly the ten recruits.” These new soldiers who were to be mustered into Company D, known as the “Standish Guards”, Fifth Regiment, “were dressed in campaign hats and butternut brown drilling, which will be the service uniform. All were armed with the new model rifle such as the regular army carries.”

In early July, additional recruits were requested, the call coming to Middleborough by telephone, surely one of the first such messages in the town’s history. The call by Captain W. C. Butler of Company D, Fifth Regiment, was responded to by a recruitment rally presided over by Judge George D. Alden. Speakers included Reverend M. F. Johnson, Councillor N. F. Ryder, Reverend William Bayard Hale of the Church of Our Saviour, Charles A. Howes of the G. A. R., Dennis D. Sullivan and Corporal A. J. Caswell of the Fifth Regiment. An additional number of Middleborough men joined the “Dandy Fifth” as a result of this rally.

Though most Middleborough men, like those in the Fifth Regiment, did not see combat, some did. “John Smith … was in the thickest of the fight with the 7th U. S. Infantry at Santiago. One of the men fighting at his side was mortally wounded but he escaped uninjured in his first engagement.”

In mid-July, Chester A. Hopkins was rumored to have died of wounds received at Santiago. “A letter was received from him by George W. Starbuck stating that he had been wounded in the hand slightly and that he was then in the marine barracks at Key West.”

Despite these fortunate escapes, the tragedy of the war was brought home to Middleborough residents with the death of Captain John Drum, the father of A. L. Drum who served as the manager of the Middleboro Municipal Light Plant. Captain Drum of the 19th infantry was killed in action at Santiago, Cuba.

The War Ends

Fortunately, the war in Cuba was to be brief. News of the surrender of Santiago on July 17 was received in Middleborough “with much delight. The church bells were rung, whistles blown, salutes fired and other demonstrations made over the surrender of the first European general and army to the Yankees since the days of Cornwallis.” The war, itself, in Cuba ended the following month, on August 12, when an agreement preparatory to a final peace treaty was signed by American and Spanish representatives. The town’s reaction appeared to be less subdued on this occasion. “No public demonstration was held but the news was received with lively satisfaction.”

Nonetheless, troops would still be required for the occupation of Cuba and Puerto Rico. In August, 1898, Joseph H. Edwards, then serving with the First New Hampshire Regiment, was to be sent to Puerto Rico, and the Gazette noted of the Fifth Regiment that “there are chances that the regiment may be sent to replace some of the troops withdrawn from Porto Rico and Cuba.” By late August, it had been announced that the regiment would in fact be kept in service at Camp Dalton in Framingham. In September, it was relocated to Camp Meade in Middletown, Pennsylvania, at which time it was declared by the Old Colony Memorial as “one of the finest military organizations ever raised in the Old Bay State.” In November, Company D was transferred from Fort Meade to Greenville, South Carolina, where it would remain for the duration of its enlistment and where it found a warm welcome from Mayor Williams of that city. The Fifth Regiment, in fact, named its encampment Camp Williams after the mayor who saw in the Massachusetts soldiers an opportunity for further reconciliation between north and south.

When I learned that a Massachusetts regiment was coming to South Carolina, I felt that the two states who did the most fighting and stirring up of leaders in the days of the rebellion, ought to join hands across the years that have intervened for a reunited country – the best in the world. When your regiment marched down by city hall I could not help crying for joy, because of the opportunity as an ex-confederate soldier to welcome Massachusetts soldiers to our city and state as my brothers.

Soldiers at the camp took on various responsibilities including Michael J. Cronan who in January, 1899, was appointed prison guard. Camp life was relieved by letters and packages from home. In late July, 1898, employees of Leonard, Shaw & Dean, shoe manufacturers on Peirce and Oak Streets, sent Middleborough members of Company D a boxful of food. Such boxes were extremely welcome, the quality and quantity of army food sometimes being less than desirable. In September, 1898, Ernest C. Hannon wrote home to Middleborough regarding the transfer of Company D to Fort Meade, Pennsylvania, when “they ran short of provisions and went from 11 o’clock in the morning until 5 the following morning with but three pieces of hardtack to eat.”

Throughout the winter in Greenville, rumors continued to circulate that the Fifth Regiment was due to be shipped to Cuba, to take up duties in Havana. One report even stated that the unit would ship out from South Carolina in January. Such was not to be the case and in March, 1899, Company D was mustered out, with Middleborough’s soldiers returning home during the first week of April.

The Home Front

In a war marked by excessive jingoism, it is not surprising that patriotic displays were rampant. Workers at the Leonard & Barrows shoe manufactory at the corner of Center and Pearl Streets purchased a large American flag measuring 31 by 12 feet and in early June sponsored a flag raising, the flag being hung across Center Street.

Still yet another flag raising was performed at the Middleboro-ugh railroad station in late June, attended by some 2,500 people. The flag, purchased by employees of the railroad was unfurled from an 80 foot pole, the ceremony chaired by 86 year old Colonel Earl E. Rider of Middleborough who had long been associated with the railroad.

While local social and civic organizations, as well as businesses, supported the war effort, so too did the town’s churches. While many denominations prior to the war had been opposed to any hostilities towards Spain, once war was declared local churches became prominent supporters of the war effort. “A practical evidence of the interest felt by the church militant in the success of the present struggle is noted by the display of a magnificent banner at the Central Congregational church. This was procured by pastor Woodbridge and flung high on the tower Wednesday.” Reverend Hale of the Church of Our Saviour took a prominent role in the recruitment rally in mid-summer 1898, while Reverend Frederic C. Brown of the First Unitarian Church took a more active role. He resigned the pastorate which he had held since October, 1896, to enlist as a chaplain in the U. S. Navy.

Memorial Day, particularly, became the vehicle through which the town was able to vent its patriotic ardor.

Memorial day was never more generally observed in this town than on Monday last. The day possessed an unusual significance, in that it was the first observance of Memorial day while the country was at war and the patriotic feeling generally prevailing was increased by the profuse display of flags, almost everyone wearing something indicative of the national colors. The members of the G. A. R. and allied organizations turned out with full ranks, 130 strong. Hon. Hosea M. Knowlton, attorney general of the commonwealth gave the address in Town hall in the evening.

During this period, Middleborough frequently stressed its unique connection to the war through General Leonard Wood who at one time had been a pupil at Peirce Academy in Middleborough. The Gazette on a number of occasions reminded its readers of the association between Wood, one of the founders and the commander of the famous "Rough Riders", with the town.

Economically, the war did some to boost business conditions and certain local firms benefited from the war. Keith & Pratt at North Middleborough secured a government contract and was reported as “rushing … out in short order” a consignment of 700 pair of Army shoes in early June. To finance the war, new taxes were established, leading many townspeople to complain. The Gazette maintained that the taxes, in reality, were less onerous than depicted. “The war tax, it is true, affects checks, telegrams, express packages, money orders, and many of the gastronomic luxuries, but it does not apply to dog licenses nor marriage certificates. Cheer up!” Nonetheless, the war tax was carefully monitored and followed. In July, 1898, the local paper reported the first affixation of a war revenue stamp “to a probate county bond for this county … by Nathan Washburn, Esq.” Yet despite these taxes, residents remained generous in funding the war effort, subscribing $20,000 towards war bonds.

Homecoming

Company D was mustered out at Greenville, South Carolina, in late March, 1898, and immediately returned home. On their way homeward, Fred A. Thomas, Michael J. Cronan and Nelson Frank broke the journey with a stop at Washington where they “left the cars in search of a restaurant, entering the first they came to. It was a high priced establishment but two United States senators came to the men and invited them to order whatever they wanted. The senators paid all the bills.” It was a fine acknowledgement of the men's service.

Throughout the war, the older veterans of the G. A. R. had taken a paternal concern for the Spanish American volunteers, and it was to them that the task or organizing a celebration for the returning soldiers fell. “The Grand Army men all hold the volunteers for the Spanish war in high regard, for the old soldiers know how to appreciate as none others can, the sacrifices and hardships of the men of ’98.”

The Fifth Regiment arrived at Boston on April 3, 1899. Upon the arrival of the Middleborough contingent of Company D in town, members of the E. W. Peirce Post No. 8, G. A. R., and T. W. Griffith Camp, Sons of Veterans, headed by the Middleboro Band marched to the depot. The men were escorted back to the G. A. R. Hall where noted town officials addressed the audience and a poem written especially for the occasion was read by Adoniram J. Raymond.

Not all Middleborough and Lakeville's men would return at this time, however. A number including Justin Hayward, Christopher Reed and Frederick White saw service in an action since known in America as the Philippine Insurrection. Conditions on the islands were brutal, moreso than on either Cuba or Puerto Rico during the late war. White wrote the Gazette "that a soldier's life is very hard and trying in that country, especially during the rainy season." White reported that "more than 100 have deserted from his regiment, and that many more are dead and dying from the effects of the climate and food."

Veterans’ Organizations

Following the war, much hope was placed in the formation of a Spanish-American War veterans’ organization. Plymouth members of Company D were told: “Have pride in what you have done, you were ready – the opportunity was wanting. You are veterans of the Spanish war, and when the veteran association is formed, as it will be soon, hold it as dear as do the men of the Grand Army.” It was believed that such a group would not only aid former soldiers in the war, as well as their families, but would also help perpetuate their memory and their contributions. Such, however, was not to be the case.

During the war, Middleborough had raised funds to help support the volunteer soldiers and their families. In mid-July, 1898, a mass meeting was held in Middleborough Town Hall with addresses by W. B. Stetson, Nathaniel F. Ryder, Matthew H. Cushing, Reverend M. F. Johnson, Judge George D. Alden and John E. Gilman, past senior vice-commander of the Massachusetts G. A. R. Over $180 was raised, and the expectation was that an additional $120 would be forthcoming. A month later, in August, the Board of Selectmen administered its first case of Spanish-American War aid when it allowed aid to the wife of one Middleborough resident serving with Company D.

Yet while the financial needs of the Spanish War veterans were addressed, the failure to found a local veterans’ group locally meant that many of their other needs went unattended. The need for a Spanish-American War veterans’ organization was brought home clearly in March, 1925, with the death of Victor Gabrey, a brother of Louis Gabrey of Nemasket Street, Middleborough. Victor Gabrey had served in the war with the 26th Company of Infantry, 20th Brigade, M. V. M., from Cambridge. In the absence of a Spanish War veterans group, the local Simeon L. Nickerson Post, No. 64, American Legion, took charge of Gabrey’s funeral and his burial in St. Mary’s Cemetery. “It is a fact significant of the spirit of the Legion that every member asked to act as escort on this occasion did so willingly, putting aside his own work, glad to perform a service for one who had borne arms in defense of the United States, although he was a stranger to them and not a member of the Legion.”

Though efforts had been made in 1914 by Michael J. Cronan and Joseph P. Hyman to found a veterans’ group, they were without success. Possibly prompted by the attention called to the lack of such an organization by the Gabrey funeral, the Southeastern Council of the United States Spanish War Veterans attempted in September, 1925, to organize a camp in Middleborough, then the largest community in southeastern Massachusetts without such an organization. The Gazette itself seemed perplexed by the failure of the community to found such a group. “There seems to have been a lack in the spirit of the Spanish War veterans about here in organizing a camp which is singular in view of the fact that the Spanish War veterans were 100 per cent volunteers.” While the proposed organization sought to take in members having served between April, 1898, and summer, 1902, in the Spanish American War, Philippine Insurrection and China Relief Expedition [Boxer Rebellion], there appears to have been little success and Middleborough seems to have remained with a specific group either to advocate or to care for the town’s Spanish War veterans.
In the absence of a veterans' organization, the memory of the Middleborough "men of '98" was largely lost.

Illustrations:

Maine Monument, Central Park, New York City, Attilio Picarelli, sculptor, and H. Van Buren Magonigle, architect, 1901-13. Edited version of an original photograph by Peter Roan, May, 2009. Republished under a Creative Commons license.
Funded by the National Maine Monument Fund Committee, the enormous memorial dominates its site at one of the park's entrances. The inscription above the allegorical group reads: "To the free men who died in the war with Spain that others might be free."

"Destruction of the U. S. Battleship Maine in Havana Harbor Feby' 15th, 1898", lithograph (Chicago: Kurz & Allison, 1898). Courtesy Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress.
The loss of the Maine and the sailors aboard on February 15, 1898, was frequently invoked as a rationale for the war. "Remember the Maine and to hell with Spain!" was the cry.

"The Yankee Message or Uncle Sam to Spain", Edward S. Ellis and Charles M. Hattersley, sheet music. Trenton, NJ: Charles M. Hattersley, 1898. Historic American Sheet Music Collection, Library of Congress, drawn from the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University.
Popular songs such as this further fueled anti-Spanish sentiment and contributed to the rise in pro-war sentiment.

Maine Memorial, Key West Cemetery, Key West, Florida, photographed by lonecellotheory and republished under a Creative Commons license.
It is here, beneath the statue of the lone oarsman that the majority of Maine survivors were interred.

"Goff's Historical map of the Spanish-American War in the West Indies", detail. Chicago: Fort Dearborn Publishing Company, 1898. Courtesy Map Division, Library of Congress.
Goff's was one of several maps rushed to publication during the course of the war, helping Americans locate such far away places as Santiago, El Caney, Siboney and Daiquirí. Click here to a link to the full map.

"Centre Street, Middleboro, Mass.", picture postcard. Taunton, MA: H. A. Dickerman & Son, c. 1900.
It was across Center Street here that shoe manufacturers Leonard & Barrows displayed an oversized American flag for the duration of the war with Spain. Many of the men who ultimately served from Middleborough were employees of Leonard & Barrows.

Spanish American War Memorial Bench, Veterans' Memorial Park, South Main Street, Middleborough, MA, photographed by Michael J. Maddigan, February 2, 2010.
This bench dedicated to the local veterans of the Spanish American War is one of fourteen granite benches located at Middleborough's Veterans' Memorial Park.

Sources:

Douillette, Jean A. Lakeville, Massachusetts Gravestone Inscriptions, 1711-2003. Lakeville, MA: Urn and Willow Publishing, 2007.

Edwards, Lieutenant Frank E. The '98 Campaign of the 6th Massachusetts U. S. V. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1899.


Headstones Provided for Deceased Union Civil War Veterans, 1879-1903 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Card Records of Headstones Provided for Deceased Union Civil War Veterans, ca. 1879-ca. 1903 (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1845, 22 rolls); Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, Record Group 92; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Middleboro Gazette, "What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago", January 19, 1923:7; ibid., January 26, 1923:6; ibid., February 2, 1923:6; ibid., February 16, 1923:6; ibid., February 23, 1923:6; ibid., March 30, 1923:5; ibid., April 6, 1923:5; ibid., April 20, 1923:9; ibid., April 27, 1923:5, ibid., May 4, 1923:10' ibid., May 11, 1923:6; ibid., May 18, 1923:10; ibid., June 1, 1923:6; ibid., June 8, 1923:9; ibid., June 22, 1923:9; ibid., June 29, 1923:9; ibid., July 6, 1923:6; ibid., July 13, 1923:5; ibid., July 20, 1923:6; ibid., July 27, 1923:6; ibid., August 3, 1923:6; ibid., August 17, 1923:10; ibid., August 31, 1923:5; ibid., September 21, 1923:6; ibid., November 16, 1923:6; ibid., January 18, 1924:7; ibid., January 25, 1924:6; ibid., February 22, 1924:6; ibid., March 28, 1924:6' ibid., April 4, 1924:6; ibid., April 11, 1924:6; ibid., January 30, 1925:8; ibid., March 20, 1925:1; "Spanish War Veteran Given Military Funeral", March 20, 1925:1; "What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago", May 1, 1925:8; "To Organize Camp Here", September 4, 1925:6; "Steps to Institute Camp", September 11, 1925:1; "What the Gazette Was Saying Twenty Five Years Ago", March 12, 1926:6; "Old Middleborough", July 17, 1931:1.

Muster Rolls of the U.S. Marine Corps, 1798-1892 (National Archives Microfilm Publication T1118, 123 rolls); Records of the U.S. Marine Corps, Record Group 127; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

National Archives and Records Administration. Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Original data: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. T288, 544 rolls.

Old Colony Memorial, “Standish Guards’ Departure”, July 2, 1898:4; "County and Elsewhere", July 30, 1898:1; September 10, 1898:1; “Ordered to Cuba”, Nov. 26, 1898:4; “Fifth Will Stay”, Dec. 3, 1898:5; “The Guards Coming Home”, March 11, 1899: 1.

The Spanish American War Centennial Website, http://www.spanamwar.com/index.htm

U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Register of Enlistments in the U.S. Army, 1798-1914 (National Archives Microfilm Publication M233, 81 rolls); Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917, Record Group 94; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

United States Federal Census Records, Middleborough, MA

U.S. Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1893-1940 (National Archives Microfilm Publication T977, 460 rolls); Records of the U.S. Marine Corps, Record Group 127; National Archives, Washington, D.C.
U.S. National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938 (on-line database). Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: Historical Register of National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938 (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1749, 282 rolls); Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Record Group 15; National Archives, Washington, D.C.

For further information on the Spanish-American War visit:

The World of 1898: The Spanish American War, Hispanic Division, Library of Congress